Kinematographic apparatus utilizing the usual photographic films.



y A. DE' GIGLIQ. K IEKATOGBAPHIG APPARATUS UTILIZIHG IKE USUALPHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS.

APPLIUATIO ILEU KAY 10, 1911.

Patented Sept. 1, 191.4.

2 BHEETS-SHEET l.

mm. mm NQ Q Qmww A. DE GIGLIO. KINEMATOGRAPHIG APPARATUS UTILIZING THEUSUAL PHOTGRAPHIC FILMS. v v APPLICATION FILED 11111110.1911. 1,109,575.Patented Sept 1,1914.'

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ALFONSO DE GIGLIO, OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK.

KINEMATOGRAPHIC APPARATUS UTILIZING THE USUAL PHOTOGRAPHIC FILMS.

Application fired May 1o, 1911. serial No. 625,233.

To Il whom. it' may concern lie it known that I, ALFONSO ne Giomo, asubject of the King of Italy, residing at Copenhagem'Denmark, haveinvented certain neu and useful Improvements in KinematographicApparatus Utilizing the Usual Photographic Films; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a. full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a part of t-his specification.

`The object of the present invention is an apparatus which renders itpossible to employ the usual commercial photographic films for takingkinematograj'ihc views, their direct examination, and their projectionon a screen. To this end, a double alternating motion is given to thefilm which is wider than each independent picture; first, an alternatingmotion in a direction which is perpendicular to the length of the v'filmstrip, and second a progressive lengthwise motion. The photograms orindividual pictures form thus a succession of parallel rows on the filmstrip, covering the greater part of its surface, so that the strippresents only two narrow borders which are Vnot covered by thephotograms, and a better utilization of the surface of the film strip isthus obtained than with the usual kinematograplnic films. The impressionof the positive films may, moreover, be made in a frame by contact withthe negative film, or by causing the two strips to run between tworollers, one of wliicl1 .is driven. This permits one to dispense withthe complicated impression apparatus required for making the usualkinematographic positive films. The length of the strip may thus bevaried according to the will of the operator. b v connecting Several ofthe usual lms one after the other. It is, moreover, possible, in thesalue strip, to remove any number of photograms, to retouch or colorthem in a particular way, or to have them undergo any other treatment,after which they may again be inserted in the strip. Photograms may alsobe suppressed to obtain surprise scenes. This apparatus also permits theprojection of images on a screen by merely placing a source of lightbehind the .strip and replacing the objective employed Specification ofLetters Patent.

Patented Sept. 1, 1914.

in producing the photograms by a suitable objective for projection. Adirect examination of the views is also possible by substi-t tuting forthe objective employed in taking the photograms a suitable lens.

One form of constructionof said apparatus has been illustrated, as anexample only, in the annexed drawing, in which- Figures 1, .2 and. 3show the apparatus respectively in rear elevation, in plan, and

in end elevation, the casing containing the same having been partiallybroken away; Figs. 11 and 5 show in detail, respectively, in elevationand in plan the mechanism for controlling the intermittent alternatingmotion of the carriage for the film. Fig. 6 is a detail showing an upperand side view of the film carriage. Fig. 7 shows the film inperspective. Figs. 8 to 11 show different forms of driving rollers Fig.12 is a detail.

The apparatus (Figs. 1 to 3) is inclosed in a casing 1, the hinge-cover1 of which is provided with an objective 2, behind which operates theshutter 3 inclosed in the casing 4 and set in motion by a set of toothedwheels 5, 6 and 7. The shaft 7 of the wheel 7 receives its motion fromthe -main shaft S of the mechanism driving the film carriage through alug 7 (see Fig. 12). This lug is fired on the end of the shaft 7' andengages, when the cover 1 of the casing 1 is closed, the radial slot 9in a plate 9 secured to the end of shaft 8. A preferably square orrectangular pipe 1() in alinementwith the objective extends from theshutter casing 4 to near the film; such a pipe serves to limit eachphotogram or individual picture.

The carriage bearing the film, which comprises two side plates boltedtogether, is Capable of sliding transversely on fixed rods 12. Betweenthe. upper portions of the plates 11 is a movable bobbin or reel 13carrying the film 14 ready tobe exposed, assuming that the apparatus isready for taking the negatives. This film, as is usual and as shown inFig. 7, is placed upon orbacked by a strip of opaque pa er 14 to whichthe film is glued at one en 14". The film 11 and the paper strip, whenunwinding from the reel 13 pass between guide rollers 15, 15', thencevertically downward in the focal plane of the projective, thence to thedrivin'g rolls 16, 17, res 'ectively, passing between Ythe said rolls,an finally is wound up on the receiving bobbin or reel 18 setinfrotation by means of a pulley drive 19, 20 and elastic belt 21,driving the feed roll, which in turn drives the roll 16.

For the purpose of facilitating the mounting of the strip 14, 14', theroller 15' and the guide roll 17 may Vbe mounted, for instance, as shownin Fig. 6, between two arms 22, pivoted at 22 and capable of oscillatingwith respect 'to the side plates 11 to which said arms are pivoted.These arms 22 are kept in. their operative position by hooks, 23, forinstance. For controlling the pressure of driving roll 16 against drivenroll 17, which is very important, as will be hereinafter shown, the roll17 instead of being fixed between the arms 22, is mounted in such a wayas to be adjusted toward the roll 16; the adjustable pressure betweensaid two rolls being attained by means of springs 24 and regulatinscrews 25 for altering the compression o the springs.

When the usual 'films are used the rolls 16 and 17 may both be entirelycylindrical throughout their length, as shown in detail in Fig. 8. Theadvance of the film is in such case produced by friction between-the tworolls 16 and 17. If, on the contrary, a previously perforated film 14 (Fig. 9) is used, the roll 16 is then' fitted at both ends with a rim orsprocket wheel, whose teeth 26 are arranged to engage the edgeperforations 27 in the film, and the roll 17 is provided with grooves 28corresponding in depth to the length of the teeth of said sprocket wheel26, the advanceof the filmbeing in this case. produced by the teeth 26.N on-perforated films may also be employed and the perforation thereofeffected during their passage through the apparatus. Such perforationmay be effected either previously, in the apparatus, and the filmsubsequently subjected to exposure, or during the exposure itself. Inthis instance the roll 16 is provided with teeth 26 of such shape as toact as perforatin points for perforating the film, (Fig. 10 The teeth 26may also have the shape of cylindrical projections 26, as shown in Fig.11; thepressure roll should, in such case, have corresponding hqles 28instead of the grooves 2S above mentioned.

The double intermittent motion of the film for obtaining a succession ofphotograms in parallel rows, is first obtained by a transverseintermittent alternating movement of the carriage carrying the film, andsecondly by an intermittent rotary motion of the driving drum. Thetransverse intermittent alternating motion of the carriage is obtainedby means of a cam 29 having two helicoidal closed slots connected bycircular portions 2921A pin 30, which may be fitted with ananti-friction roller, is secured to the cross-bar 31 of the carriage,and engages the slots of cam 29. 'Bie cam 29 is keyed on a cross shaft32 on which is also keyed a notched disk 33 with which an open cam 34engages, said cam 34 formed by a projecting fiange on a disk 35 that iskeyed on the main shaft 8'. The shaft S is set in rotation by means of acrank 36, a gear wheel 37 and a pinion 38. The first portion 34vcorresponding to the angle Fig. 4, of the said open cam is helicoidal;the remaining portion is in a` plane normal to the shaft 8; besides, thedistance z Fig. 5, between the beginning and the end of said-cam isequal to the distance between two notchesA of disks 33. It follows thatat every turn of disk 35 fitted with the cam 34 the shaft 32 isangularly displaced corresponding to the distance between two teeth 33,this occurring during the'rotation of disk 35 corresponding to angle i5-During the remaining rotation the shaft 32 remains stationary. When therotation of the shaft 32 takes place, the cam 29 turns and causes thedisplacement of the film carriage, following the movement of the cam 29engaging the pivot 30; such a displacement is equal to the width of aphotogram.

When the carriage has reached the end of its movement in eitherdirection, and the pivot 30 engages either of the circular portions 29of the cam slot, the carriage becomes stationary and then begins againits travel in t-he opposite direction, and so onr` When the carriage hasreached the end of its travel, a displacement of the driving drum 16takes place to an angular extent corresponding vto the height of aphotogram. Such a displacement is effected by either of the arms 39,mounted diametrically opposite, on the shaft 32. These arms are fitted,at their end, with one or more teeth 39', Fig. 6, which' engage atoothed wheel 40 on thc driving drum shaft, and cause the rotationrequired b the latter. Before causing such rotation, tie cam 39 which issecured to each arm 39 cams a spring 41 from its locking position.This'spring 41 has a tooth 41 engaging one of the radial slots 40 of thewheel 40 and serves to stop-the drum 16 exactly in the requiredpositlon. The rising of spring 41 before the engagement of the teeth ofthe arm 39 with the wheel 40 is not absolutely necessary, because thespring 41 inay be forced to rise merely through the rotation of thewheel From the aboveY it is evident that when the carriage is displacedas abovespecified, the photograms, considering that the shutter isopened every time the carriage stops,

are arranged in parallel rows, as shown 1n,L Fig. 8, where thesuccesslve photograms are marked by successive numbers.

It is evident that, instead of obtaining seven photograms on each row,`as shown in Fig. 8, a larger or smaller number may be obtained,according, the. width` .of the momma films, in connection with which, asuitable shape for the cam 29 must be chosen. It is to be noted herethat. for the purpose of establishing, independently from cam 29, theexact position in which to stop the carriage, corresponding to the timerequired for taking a photogram, a locking device is employed. Thislocking device is driven by a helicoidal cam, arranged on the back faceof disk 35 and engages the teeth of a wheel 43, keyed on the transverseshaft 44, fitted with a notched wheel 45 that coperateswith a rack 46 onthe carriage. Every turn. of the disk and cam 42 causes the rotation ofthe wheel 43 a space equal to one tooth, during the rotation of the disk35 through the angle while for the remainder of the rotation the wheel43 remains stationary. Owing to the relative position of the portionsaand of the cams 34 and 42 and the position of the wheels 33 and 43, itis evident that when the carriage is displaced by the action of thecam34, the shaft 44 and the wheel 45 remain stationary, while one of thenotches of the wheel 45 comes into register with the rack 46 so as toallow the displacement of the carriage. l'Vhen the displacement of thecarriage is finished, the cam 42 displaces the shaft 44 and the body ofone of the teeth of the wheel.

45 enters between teeth of the rack 46 and exactly fixes the position ofthe carriage, keeping the latter absolutely immovable during the openingof the shutter. The exact position of the photogram is thus established.The cam 42 may, of course, also be placed at the periphery of disk35,-or elsewhere; likewise the cam 34 may be usedA both for the motionof the carriage and its locking; in this case the wheel 43 should beplaced above the disk 35.

It is to be noted here, that with the herein described apparatus, thewell known inconvenience arising from the shortening of the film, bothnegative and positive, after the chemical treatment is easily avoided,either for direct vision or projection. It is known, in fact, that,after the preparation in the developer bath; washing and drying, thefilm shortens in such a way that, in the positive film the rows ofphotograms are nearer one another than iu the negative film. Tocompensate for such shortening, recourse is had, while takin thenegative, to a film fixed on paper, the lm only being ein loyedfor'projection. On account of the di erence in thickness betweenthenegative and the positive films, there willbe, in the passage of thelatter through the machine, a diminution of pressure between the drivingand pressure drums 16, 17, and the result of this will be a decrease inthe adherence between the film and the drums, and consequently adiminution in the length of the filmwhich is drawn between the rolls atevery partial rotation of the roll 16. If such a diminution of pressureis not sufiicient to compensate for the shortening,.the pressure may bestill further diminished by loosening the springs 24 by the screws 25.An equivalent compensation may also be obtained b'y replacing the roll16, provided with teeth or not, by another roll, with 'orwithout teeth,of less diameter so as to have an intermitting travel of the film of therequired proportion. It is also possibleto compensate for the shorteningof the film by mounting the film for taking the negatives as shown inFig. 6, say, in such a way as t'o place the paper backing in contactwith the driving roll 16, thus leaving the film on the inside. This hasthe same effect as an increase in the diameter of the roll 16corresponding to. the thickness of the paper. Then in employing in theprojection only the positive film, without paper, the same result isattained as if thedrum 16 had been reduced in diameter.

From the above it will be evident that this invention is not strictlylimited to the exact arrangements heretofore specified and shown in thedrawing, but may be modified in accordance with circumstances or therequirements of practice.

1. In a kinematograp h, a main operating shaft, an auxiliary shafttransverse therelo, means to impart periodic movement tg said shaft, acontinuous cam carried by said;- transverse shaft having two helicalportions connected b circular portions, and alaterally mova le filmcarriage operated stepby-step by said cam. Y

2. In a kinematograph, a laterally movable film carriage, a shaftparallel thereto, a cam on said shaft having two helical portionsconnected by circular portions for operating the carriage, means on saidshaft and coperating means on the 'carriage brought into operation ateach end of the trayel of said carriage to feed the filmlongitudinally.v

3. In a kinematograph, the combination with a laterally movable film-carriage; of a cam for moving the carriage, means to move the camstep-by-step, and mechanism to lock the carriage after each step andoperated by said means.

4. In a kinematograph, a laterally movable film carriage, a shatparallel thereto, a cam on said shaft having two helical portionsconnected by circular portions for operating said carriage, a pair offeed rolls on the carriage, a ratchet wheel on one of said rolls, meansto lock the ratchet wheel against rotation, a pair of oppositelydirected pawl arms on said shaft to engage and actuate said ratchetwheel at each end of the travel of the carriage and means on said armsto unlock said locking means during the engagement of the arms with theroll against its coperating roll, and a latch 10 ratchet wheels. to holdthe frame in o erativc position.

[n a kinemalogruph, the conibinution In testimony that claim theforegoing with the lm carriage. and a guide roll and :1s my invention, Ihave signed my name in feed roll thereon; of :1 frame pivot/cd to the gpresence of 'two subscribing witnesses. carriage to swing to and fromoperative po- ALFONSO DE GIGLTO. sition, a guide ruil :1nd copern-tiiugfeed VVitnesSs: Y mii mounted in the. frame, means in said AXEL FERMIN,A frame to regulate the pressureJ of the feed .V-ALDE'MAR Cn'ms'mxsN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for z'e Cents eali, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents,

` Washington, D. C.

